College of Veterinary Medicine

Christopher M. Brown, DEAN

In 1907, recognizing that animal agriculture was a significant part of a healthy state economy, the Michigan legislature authorized a course of study leading to the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree. This program, inaugurated in 1910, was the beginning of the College of Veterinary Medicine. Since that time, society has come to value animals in additional roles beyond their role in agriculture. Pets are a source of companionship and comfort for people of all ages.  And the pleasure that the general public enjoys from zoos and from nature depends in large part on the well being of the animals that are found there.

The present–day College of Veterinary Medicine is the only veterinary college in the state of Michigan and one of 28 nationally.  It is organized in six  departments — Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Physiology, and Small Animal Clinical Sciences — and includes the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health.

The college offers the programs that are listed below:

— a preveterinary program
— a professional program leading to the Doctor of  Veterinary Medicine degree
— a certificate program in veterinary technology
— a Bachelor of Science degree program in veterinary  technology
— graduate programs leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees
— a graduate specialization in food safety
— intern and residency training programs in various clinical specialties

Helene E. Pazak, Director

Veterinary technicians and technologists are compassionate, highly motivated paraprofessionals dedicated to animal health care. As integral members of the veterinary health care team, they are entrusted with diverse medical responsibilities that include animal nursing care, laboratory specimen analysis, surgical assistance, anesthesia, radiographic imaging (x-ray), nutritional management, dental prophylaxis, physical therapy, and client education. These varied duties afford the veterinary paraprofessional a profound impact on every aspect of animal care. Their involvement enables veterinary hospitals and animal care and research facilities to offer expanded services efficiently and effectively.

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) recognizes two levels of training for the veterinary paraprofessional:  veterinary technician and veterinary technologists.  The Certificate of Completion at Michigan State University prepares veterinary technicians and the Bachelor of Science degree prepares veterinary technologists. The Certificate of Completion is two-year training program. After completion of the pre-clinical courses, students complete clinical clerkship training at the Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Through the clinical clerkships, the students develop and apply their knowledge and problem-solving skills in a functional hospital setting.  The level of training of the veterinary technician is most appropriate for individuals who seek employment in privately owned veterinary clinical practices.

Veterinary technologists require four years of academic training. In addition to the core curriculum of the Certificate of Completion, the students complete the general education requirements of Michigan State University and elective courses.  The elective courses allow the students to focus on potential career paths within the veterinary profession such as production animal medicine, equine and companion animal medicine, pathology, biomedical research, and practice management. Their training offers exposure to clinical specialty areas such as emergency medicine, cardiology, ophthalmology, equine anesthesia, and necropsy.  The level of training of the veterinary technologist is linked with employment in research facilities, vivaria, industry, educational institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and large-group or speciality practices.

The state of Michigan requires that any person practicing as a veterinary technician/technologist must be licensed and registered with the state. Regulation of veterinary technicians/technologists is the responsibility of the Veterinary Board of Examiners in the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulation. The credentialing examination is only available to qualified graduates of accredited training programs. The Veterinary Technology Program is accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and graduates of the Certificate of Completion or Bachelor of Science in Veterinary Technology are eligible to take the National and State Board Examinations for licensure.

Enrollment in the Veterinary Technology Program’s academic certificate and degree options is limited.  Students are admitted for Fall Semester only.  Applications for admission are accepted through January 15th of the year that admission is sought. For additional information, contact the Veterinary Technology Program, F-101 Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316 or visit http://cvm.msu.edu.

The Certificate of Completion articulates with an Associate in Applied Sciences degree from Lansing Community College.  For specific degree requirements for the Associate in Applied Science, contact Lansing Community College at http://www.lcc.edu.

Bachelor of Science

Admission

The number of students who can be admitted to the Bachelor of Science degree program in veterinary technology is limited.  All persons who are interested in applying for admission to the bachelor's degree program in veterinary technology must request a special application form and detailed information regarding admission requirements and procedures from the Veterinary Technology Program, F-101 Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI  48824-1316.

Applications for admission to the bachelor's degree program in veterinary technology are accepted through January 15th of the year that admission is sought.

Students who are enrolled in colleges and universities other than Michigan State University should contact Michigan State University's Office of Admissions and the College of Veterinary Medicine regarding admission to the bachelor's degree program in veterinary technology as transfer students.

Minimal criteria for admission to the Bachelor of Science degree program in Veterinary Technology are:

1. Completion of at least 28 credits of the University graduation requirements or transfer equivalents with a cumulative grade-point average of 2.50 or higher including:
   a.    Mathematics 106 or 110 or 116 or 124 or 132 or 152H.
   b.    Biological Science 111 and 111L.
   c.    Tier I writing course.
   d.    Additional credits selected from an Integrative Studies in the Arts and Humanities course numbered below 211, an Integrative 
          Studies in the Arts and Humanities course numbered 211 or higher, an Integrative Studies in the Social, Behavioral, and
          Economic Sciences 200-level course, and an Integrative Studies in the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences 300-level 
          course.

The final selection of students to be admitted to the baccalaureate degree program in veterinary technology is based on the cumulative grade-point average of all courses taken, the grade-point average calculated on all courses in mathematics and the physical and biological sciences, and the grade-point average of the last 12 credits. The selection process also  includes submission of a personal statement, letters of recommendation and documentation of 80 hours of veterinary related experience.

Students who complete the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in Veterinary Technology will be qualified to take the National and State Board Examinations for licensure as veterinary-technicians.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree in Veterinary Technology

1. The requirements for a bachelor's degree as specified in the Undergraduate Education section of the University catalog; 120 credits, including general elective credits, are required for the Bachelor of Science degree in Veterinary Technology.
   The completion of Mathematics 110 or 116 that is referenced in item 2. b. below may also be used to satisfy the University mathematics requirement.
   
   The University's Tier II writing requirement for the Veterinary Technology major is met by completing the following courses:  Veterinary Medicine 410, 411, 412, 413, and 415. Those courses are referenced in item 2. a. below.
   
   Students who are enrolled in the Bachelor of Science degree in Veterinary Technology may complete the alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses: Biological Sciences 110, 111, and 111L; and Chemistry 141. The completion of Biological Science 111L satisfies the laboratory requirement. Biological Science 110 and Chemistry 141 may be counted toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the major referenced in item 2. below.
2. The following requirements for the major (102 credits):
   

Students who meet the requirements for admission to the university as freshmen and sophomores, as shown in the Undergraduate Education section of the catalog, may select the preveterinary program in the College of Veterinary Medicine as their major preference.  A strong high school preparation in science, including chemistry, biology, and physics, is highly desirable.  Students who are enrolled in the preveterinary program are enrolled in the Undergraduate University Division, but receive academic advising in the College of Veterinary Medicine Preveterinary Advising Center. 

The courses in mathematics and natural science that are required for admission to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine are included in the requirements for the preveterinary program.  Students who are enrolled in the preveterinary program should complete the university requirements for bachelor's degrees.  Courses that are used to satisfy University requirements may also be used to satisfy certain requirements for admission to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine.

University regulations require that a student who has arrived at junior standing must select a major leading to a baccalaureate degree.  The College of Veterinary Medicine does not offer a bachelor's degree program for preveterinary students.  Therefore, upon reaching junior standing, students who have been enrolled in the preveterinary program and who have not been admitted to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine must be admitted to a major in another college in order to complete the requirements for a bachelor's degree.

Enrollments in the preveterinary program are not limited.  However, because of the limitation on the number of students admitted each year to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine, completion of the preveterinary program does not assure admission to the professional program.

Because admission to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine is competitive and the majority of successful applicants have completed at least three years of a bachelor's degree program, students who are enrolled in the preveterinary program are encouraged to plan toward a baccalaureate degree in a major consistent with their interests and alternative educational and career goals.  Students in any major may apply for admission to the Professional Program.  For additional information, refer to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine statement.

Requirements for the Preveterinary Program

 3.     Students who are enrolled in the preveterinary program should complete the University requirements for bachelor's
        degrees as described in the Undergraduate Education section of the catalog.

        The completion of Mathematics 116 referenced in item 1. above may also satisfy the University mathematics 
        requirement.

        Students who are enrolled in the Preveterinary Program in the College of Veterinary Medicine may complete an 
        alternative track to Integrative Studies in Biological and Physical Sciences that consists of the following courses:
        Biological Science 110, 111, and 111L and Chemistry 141.  The completion of Biological Science 110 and 111L
        satisfies the laboratory requirement.  Biological Science 110, 111, and 111L and Chemistry 141 may be counted
        toward both the alternative track and the requirements for the preveterinary program referenced in item 1. above. 

        Students who are enrolled in the preveterinary program will be required to meet the Tier II writing requirement
        approved for the student's major leading to the bachelor's degree.

The professional veterinary medicine program is designed to provide an excellent basic medical education as well as clinical training in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of animal diseases and injuries. Graduates may pursue a variety of careers in salaried positions or become licensed as private practitioners in any state.

About three–fourths of the veterinarians in the United States are engaged in private practice. These veterinarians may be in general practices that care for the needs of all of the species of domestic animals or in practices limited to companion animals, farm animals, horses, poultry, or some other specific aspect of veterinary medicine.

Many veterinarians are employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for important work in livestock disease control, meat and poultry inspection, development of biological products, and prevention of the entry of foreign animal diseases. Veterinarians also find rewarding positions in public health work for the U.S. Public Health Service, the U.S. Army and Air Force, and for state, county, and local health agencies.

Some of the most exciting opportunities for veterinarians are in biomedical research for the benefit of both animals and people. Excellent research opportunities are available with colleges and universities, government agencies, biological and pharmaceutical companies, and private medical research institutions.

The professional program leading to the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree has been accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Admission to the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine

A new class of students begins the four–year professional program each fall semester. Applications for admission and related materials (e.g., scores on the Medical College Admission Test or Graduate Record Examination) must be received by October 1.

Factors considered by the Admissions Committee in determining an applicant's relative competitive position are:  (1) cumulative grade–point average; (2) grade-point average for required preveterinary science courses in Biochemistry, General Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics; (3) scores on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) or Graduate Record Examination (GRE); (4) average credit-load per semester; (5) total credits completed; (6) an interview; (7) veterinary exposure; (8) animal exposure; (9) activities and achievements; and (10) ability to communicate through a written essay. The admission process includes a procedure that attempts to reflect the diversity of society among candidates admitted to the professional program.

Applications, regular or transfer, are reviewed by the Admissions Committee. Applicants are considered for admission in the following order of priority:

1. Residents of the state of Michigan, as defined by Michigan State University. (Since Michigan State University is a public, tax-assisted institution, admission priority is granted to residents of Michigan.)
2. Residents of states other than Michigan, including U.S. Territories and Trust Possessions.
3. All others.

Students should complete the following requirements prior to enrollment::

1. Chemistry —
   3-5 semester or equivalent credits in general inorganic with laboratory; 6-8 semester or equivalent credits in organic with laboratories; 4 semester or equivalent credits in biochemistry.
2. General Physics —
   8 semester or equivalent credits, including laboratory work.
3. General Biology —
   6-9 semester or equivalent credits, to include principles of biological regulation, integration; genetics; development; selected physiological topics; taxonomy and systematics; comparative physiology; and ecology.
4. Microbiology with Laboratory —
   3-4 semester or equivalent credits with the addition of 1 semester or equivalent credit of laboratory experience to include fundamentals of microbiology; including microbial structure and function, nutrition and growth, death and control. Importance and applications of major microbial groups.
5. Cell Biology —
   3-4 semester or equivalent upper division credits including structure and function of nucleated cells. Emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell processes.
6. Genetics —
   3-4 semester or equivalent credits to include principles of heredity in animals, plants and microorganisms. Classical and molecular methods in the study of gene structure, transmission, expression and evolution.
7. College Algebra and Trigonometry —
   3 semester or equivalent credits; may substitute equivalent entry-level course, e.g., calculus.
8. Nutrition —
   2-4 semester or equivalent credits including principles and practices of nutrition for cattle, horses, poultry, sheep and swine; metabolism of protein, minerals and vitamins; diet formulation; performance prediction; nutritional maladies.
9. Arts and Humanities —
   8 semester or equivalent credits that may include two or more of the following subject areas: history, literature, music or art history or appreciation, philosophy, religion.
10. Social Science —
    8 semester or equivalent credits that may include two or more of the following subject areas: cultural anthropology, economics, human geography, political science, psychology, sociology.
11. English —
    4 semester or equivalent credits that may include composition, reading, speech, and other communication skills.

PRODUCTION MEDICINE SCHOLARS ADMISSION PATHWAY

1. Enrollment in the Bachelor of Science degree in Animal Science with a concentration in Production Animal Scholars.
2. Completion of at least 50 percent of the pre-veterinary courses required and 10 credits from the courses required for the production animal scholars concentration. For Pre-veterinary requirements see the Requirements for the Preveterinary Program section of this catalog.
3. Minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.20. For preveterinary science courses, grades must average 3.20 and each individual course grade must be at least 2.0. 
4. Demonstrate, either by past or current activities, a commitment to livestock agriculture through youth activities, family experiences, employment, internships, extracurricular activities, and other participation in the livestock industry. It is not required that production animal scholars candidates be reared on a farm. For production animal scholars candidates, horses are not considered to be livestock.
5. Demonstrate evidence of quality exposure to veterinary practice.
6. Establish a primary academic advisor in the Department of Animal Science.
7. Establish an academic advisor at the pre-veterinary office in the College of Veterinary Medicine at least one year prior to application.

1. Performance in the regular veterinary admission criteria, including grade-point averages, and GRE score.
2. An evaluation of the candidate’s experience in and commitment to livestock agriculture as demonstrated by a review of his or her application file and an interview.
3. One letter of reference from the applicant’s primary academic advisor in animal science or College of Veterinary Medicine academic advisor.
4. One letter of reference from an animal science faculty member or other agriculture professional who has had direct instructional involvement with the candidate. This person may not be the primary academic advisor.
5. One letter of reference from a veterinarian who has had direct involvement with the candidate.

VETERINARY SCHOLARS ADMISSION PATHWAY

This pathway has been established by the College of Veterinary Medicine in cooperation with the Honors College at Michigan State University in order to provide an admission avenue for students who wish to complete a bachelor's degree consisting of advanced, scholarly studies in concert with their entry to the four–year professional veterinary medical degree program.  All Michigan State University preveterinary students who are members of the Honors College may choose to participate in this program.  Up to ten MSU students may be chosen each year to be granted admission to the veterinary medical program contingent upon completion of a bachelor's degree in a major of the students choice.

The following components will be considered in selecting candidates for this admission pathway:

1. Completion of at least 50 percent of the required preveterinary science courses.
2. Minimum 3.20 cumulative and preveterinary science grade–point averages.
3. Bachelor's degree program proposal planned in consultation with the Honors College advising staff and a departmental honors advisor and demonstrating enriched, advanced, and scholarly work in a major of the student's choice.
4. Evidence of quality veterinary and animal exposure.
5. Completion of at least 10 credits in advanced or diverse course work beyond the minimum preveterinary requirements.
6. Performance in the regular veterinary admission criteria including grade–point averages, GRE score, file review and interview.
7. Personal statement describing the scholarly content of the proposed bachelor's degree program and its relevance to the individual's career and personal goals.
8. Evaluations from the honors advisor in the student's degree program, a veterinarian, and an individual of the applicant's choice.

Students who wish to enter the professional veterinary medical program before earning a bachelor's degree may apply through the regular veterinary admission process.

The College of Veterinary Medicine's Committee on Student Admissions selects the candidates for this pathway and reserves the right to modify the criteria and process.

Academic Standards

Once admitted to the Veterinary Scholars Pathway, students must maintain a 3.20 cumulative and preveterinary science grade-point average.

Additional Information

For additional information concerning admission to the professional program, contact the Admissions Office, College of Veterinary Medicine, F–104 Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824–1314. Note:  Prospective applicants should maintain contact with the College's Admissions Office for current information.

Statement on Advanced Status

Rarely will students be considered for admission to the program with advanced standing.

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science Degree

1. The University requirements for the bachelor's degree as described in the Undergraduate Education section of this catalog.
2. Preveterinary program requirements.
3. At least 56 credits of the professional program in Veterinary Medicine.

Health Requirements for Students in the Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine

1. The student must be covered by a personal health insurance policy throughout enrollment in the program.
2. The student's tetanus vaccination must be current throughout enrollment in the program.
3. The student must have a rabies vaccination prior to participation in senior clerkships. Rabies vaccination is recommended for entering students.

Curriculum

The curriculum leading to the D.V.M. degree is primarily the responsibility of the faculty of the College. Student input to curriculum matters is through student representation on the Curriculum Committee. Continuing development of new information in health-related fields and changes within the profession demand ongoing curricular evaluation and modification. Development of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required of a veterinarian remains the major goal of this curriculum. Efficiency in obtaining this goal requires a dynamic program that can respond through instituting newly developed concepts and techniques. For these reasons, particulars of the curriculum described herein may change in subsequent years in accordance with established college and university policies and procedures.

Requirements for the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Degree in Veterinary Medicine

Completion of the following 161-credit, four-year professional program with a grade-point average of at least 2.00.

Student Performance

The Committee on Student Performance monitors student performance in accordance with established College standards and offers assistance to students experiencing difficulties in the professional curriculum. An important function of this committee is to determine the reasons for student difficulties and recommend study schedules, counseling, and other means of helping the student perform in a satisfactory manner. The Committee on Student Performance may take appropriate academic disciplinary action consistent with the academic standards of the College and the Medical Student Rights and Responsibilities document.

Student Rights and Responsibilities

Refer to the statement on Student Rights and Responsibilities in the General Information, Policies, Procedures and Regulations section of this catalog.

The College of Veterinary Medicine offers graduate programs in each of six departments: Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Physiology, and Small Animal Clinical Sciences. All of these departments are authorized to offer master's degree programs. Doctor of Philosophy degree programs are offered in all departments except Small Animal Clinical Sciences. In addition, there are two college-based graduate programs: Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology (Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy) and Food Safety (Master of Science). These programs are designed primarily for those preparing themselves for positions in teaching or research. Other programs, including residencies for post–D.V.M. training in recognized clinical specialties, are available.

The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics is affiliated with the Doctor of Philosophy degree program with a major in ecology, evolutionary biology and behavior.  For more information refer to the statement on the doctoral program in ecology, evolutionary biology and behavior in the College of Natural Science section of this catalog.

Students who are enrolled in the Master of Science degree program in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics may elect a specialization in ecology, evolutionary biology and behavior.  For additional information, refer to the statement on the specialization in the College of Natural Science section of this catalog.

The College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the College of Communication Arts and Sciences, the College of Engineering, the College of Human Ecology, the College of Human Medicine, the College of Natural Science, the College of Social Science, and the College of Veterinary Medicine participate in the graduate specialization in food safety. The College of Veterinary Medicine is the primary administrative unit. For more information, refer to the Graduate Specialization in Food Safety statement.

The College of Veterinary Medicine, the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the College of Engineering, and the College of Natural Science administer the graduate specialization in environmental toxicology.  The College of Agriculture and Natural Resources is the primary administrative unit.  For additional information, refer to the Graduate Specialization in Environmental Toxicology statement in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources section of this catalog.

Students who are enrolled in master’s degree programs in the College of Veterinary Medicine may elect the master’s specialization in agribusiness.  For additional information, refer to the Master’s Specialization in Agribusiness Management statement in the Department of Agricultural Economics statement in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources section of this catalog.

Several colleges and departments within Michigan State University cooperate in offering the  interdepartmental Doctor of Philosophy degree program with a major in neuroscience, which is administered by the College of Natural Science.  For additional information, refer to the statement on the doctoral program in neuroscience in the College of Natural Science section of this catalog.

Students who are enrolled in master’s and doctoral degree programs in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the College of Natural Science, and the College of Veterinary Medicine may elect the Graduate Specialization in Fish and Wildlife Disease Ecology and Conservation Medicine. For additional information, refer to the statement on Graduate Specialization in Fish and Wildlife Disease Ecology and Conservation Medicine in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources section of this catalog.

The College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, the College of Communication Arts and Sciences, the College of Engineering, the College of Human Ecology, the College of Human Medicine, the College of Natural Science, the College of Social Science, and the College of Veterinary Medicine participate in the graduate specialization in food safety. The College of Veterinary Medicine is the primary administrative unit.

The specialization is available as an elective to students who are enrolled in a master’s degree program in the departments of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Engineering, Animal Science, Communication, Entomology, Epidemiology, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Horticulture, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Packaging, Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Plant Pathology, and Sociology.

The specialization is designed for students who are interested in enhancing the focus of their study on food safety so they can apply their knowledge from basic disciplines to solve problems in the area of food safety.

A faculty member who is in the department that administers the student’s degree program will serve as the student’s academic advisor for the specialization. The academic advisor will assist the student in planning a program of study that is related to the student’s interests, capabilities, and professional goals. With the approval of the department and college that administer the student’s degree program, the courses that are used to satisfy the requirements for the specialization may also be used to satisfy the requirements for the master’s degree.

Requirements for the Graduate Specialization in Food Safety

The student’s program of study must be approved by the student’s academic advisor for the specialization. To qualify for this graduate specialization, the student must meet the requirements specified below:

Upon completion of the requirements for the master’s degree and the requirements for the specialization in food safety, the student should contact the chairperson of the department that administers the student’s degree program and request certification for the completion of the specialization. After the certification is approved by the chairperson of the department, the Director of the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, and the Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine, the Office of the Registrar will enter on the student’s academic record the name of the specialization and the date that it was completed. This certification will appear on the student’s transcript.

For the master's degree, departments of the College of Veterinary Medicine recommend Plan A with thesis unless otherwise specified.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university as described in the Graduate Education section of this catalog, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

A bachelor's degree is required of all applicants for graduate study. Admission must be approved by the department in which the applicant proposes to do the major work. Scholastic record, experience, personal qualifications, and area of subject–matter interest are considered by the department in determining the applicant's acceptability.

Upon admission, the master's student is classified in one of two categories:

1. Regular status: for those who have an undergraduate grade–point average of 3.00 or above and are otherwise qualified to undertake a master's program.
2. Provisional status: for those who have some remediable inadequacy of qualifications or subject–matter preparation.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree

Up to 10 credits may be allowed for thesis research (course number 899). The distribution of credits among major and minor areas is determined by the student's major department.

Residence

A minimum of 9 credits must be earned in residence on campus unless a department specifies more than 9 credits.

Time Limit

For the master's degree, the student must complete all requirements within six calendar years from the beginning of the first semester in which credit was earned toward the degree.

Doctor of Philosophy degree programs are offered in anatomy, large animal clinical sciences, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university as described in the Graduate Education section of this catalog, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Admission to a doctoral program requires the approval of the department in which the applicant's major work is to be done.

The doctoral student is classified in one of two categories:

1. Regular status: for those who have a grade–point average in prior graduate work of 3.00 or above and who are otherwise qualified to undertake a doctoral program.
2. Provisional status: for those who have some remediable inadequacy of qualifications.

Students who are enrolled in the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree program may be granted approval to pursue simultaneously either a research–focused Master of Science degree or a Doctor of Philosophy degree. For additional information, interested students should refer to the Requirements for a Joint Master's Degree and Medical Degree or Special Programs statements in the Graduate Education section of this catalog. They should also contact the Associate Dean for Academic Programs and the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the College.

The Dual Degree Medical Scientist Training Program is a special program for students who want to earn both a professional veterinary doctoral degree (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) and a graduate research doctoral degree (Doctor of Philosophy). The program seeks to meet a national need for veterinarians who are proficient in research as well as in veterinary medicine, and who will pursue careers as faculty members in veterinary medical school and research institutions.

The program is designed to select, educate, and train highly motivated students having outstanding research and academic qualifications. Trainees pursue veterinary medical and graduate studies in parallel, meet regularly with peers in seminars, and engage in veterinary medical-level and graduate-level courses and clerkships, as well as in research with highly qualified mentors.

A student who is interested in this program should contact the Office of the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies in the College of Veterinary Medicine.

For additional information, refer to the statement on Special Programs in the Graduate Education section of this catalog.

Internships. The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences offers 13–month rotating internships designed to provide general clinical training for the post–D.V.M. student and a basis for further education in a specialty area.

Residencies. Residencies designed to meet the training requirement for board certification are offered in a variety of clinical specialties by the departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, and Pathology. Concurrent work toward an advanced degree is possible.

The Master of Science in Food Safety is primarily an online program designed for students who want to enhance their study of food safety.
The Master of Science is offered by the College of Veterinary Medicine, the lead college for the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center (NFSTC) at Michigan State University. This integrated multi-disciplinary program is designed for students with various disciplinary interests and experiences. It is particularly relevant for students whose professional careers are at the interface of research, regulatory affairs, production, marketing, finance, and management.

Admission

Applicants will be accepted after review by an admissions committee of faculty jointly appointed to the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center. A faculty member in the NFSTC will serve as the student’s academic advisor and will assist the student in planning a program of study that is related to the student’s interests and professional goals and that fulfills college and university requirements.

Applicants must have completed a bachelor’s degree from an accredited and recognized college or university. The applicant must have completed at least 6 credits of college-level course work in biological sciences, including 3 credits in microbiology. The applicant must prove or demonstrate proficiency in written and spoken English and submit a professional letter of intent and two letters of recommendation. Experience in the workplace is weighed heavily in meeting requirements for admission.

Applicants who do not meet all of the requirements listed above may be admitted provisionally and permitted to enroll for collateral course work, not to count toward the degree. This course work must be approved beforehand by the program director.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Food Safety

The student must complete 30 credits under Plan B (without thesis). The specific program of study must be approved by the student’s academic advisor.

The College of Veterinary Medicine offers Doctor of Philosophy degree programs with majors in Microbiology—Environmental Toxicology, Pathology—Environmental Toxicology, Pharmacology and Toxicology—Environmental Toxicology, and Physiology— Environmental Toxicology.  For additional information about these programs, refer to the statement on Doctoral Program in Environmental and Integrative Toxicological Sciences in the Graduate Education section of this catalog.

Raymond J. Geor, Chairperson

The Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences offers courses for students in the professional program in Veterinary Medicine. Post–D.V.M. programs are offered which lead to the Master of Science degree in large animal clinical sciences and provide training in American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) recognized specialty areas. The department also offers a Doctor of Philosophy degree program with a major in large animal clinical sciences.

Students who are enrolled in Master of Science degree programs in the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences may elect a specialization in food safety.  For additional information, refer to the statement on the specialization in the College of Veterinary Medicine section of this catalog.

The principal objectives of the Master of Science program are to introduce candidates to research and to prepare them for positions requiring advanced education. Opportunities are available in veterinary and medical colleges, animal and veterinary science departments, industrial research and development, U. S. Public Health Service, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and private business organizations or practices.

The master's degree student is usually required to develop a course of study which requires writing a thesis based upon original research (Plan A). In rare instances, a student may be permitted to elect a non–thesis (Plan B) course of study upon recommendation of the guidance committee and the approval of the department's faculty.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Veterinary Medicine, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

The candidate must possess a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree or an equivalent degree and be accepted by the graduate faculty of the department.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Large Animal Clinical Sciences

The student must complete 30 credits under either Plan A (with thesis) or Plan B (without thesis).
Students majoring in large animal clinical sciences may elect to support the major field with courses in two or three additional areas. Supporting and minor courses may be in anatomy, pathology, physiology, pharmacology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, mycology, parasitology, nutrition, animal science, statistics, chemistry, genetics, or education.

Academic Standards

A second semester of grades averaging below 3.00 constitutes cause for withdrawal from the program.

The Doctor of Philosophy degree program is designed to provide veterinary medical graduates the experience and training necessary to develop an integrative approach to animal disease research. The program emphasizes the development of a firm scientific background in fundamental and basic biomedical sciences, in–depth knowledge in an area of veterinary science, and the conduct of in–depth original research.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Veterinary Medicine, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

Applicants for admission must hold a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree or another medical degree and have a grade–point average of at least 3.00 in two previous years of graduate or professional study. At least one year of clinical experience is recommended. A Master of Science degree is not required.

Applicants must submit an autobiographical sketch, a statement of interest and objectives, and three letters of recommendation from individuals capable of judging their academic capabilities and accomplishments. The department's Graduate Postgraduate Training Committee reviews applications for admission and recommends persons for admission to the department chairperson. The admissions decision is based upon the applicant's academic record and professional goals, the letters of recommendation, and space and faculty availability.

Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Large Animal Clinical Sciences

The doctoral program is divided into three phases:  Phase I culminating with a qualifying examination, Phase II culminating with a comprehensive examination, and Phase III culminating with the completion and defense of the dissertation. There is no foreign language requirement.

Phase I consists of fundamental and basic biomedical sciences courses in which the student must demonstrate a high degree of competence. The student must complete 15 credits of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, and physiologic chemistry. No fewer than 3 credits must be in biochemistry. The student must also complete no fewer than 3 credits of statistics and no fewer than 6 credits in courses emphasizing mechanisms of animal disease. In order to continue in the doctoral program, the student must pass a qualifying examination formulated and conducted by the qualifying examination committee.

Phase II consists of at least 13 credits in an area of veterinary science chosen by the student. The 13 credits must be in courses at the 400 level or above. At least 8 of the 13 credits must be in courses at the 800 level or above, and it is recommended that these credits be from one of the following departments:  anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, microbiology, pathology, statistics and probability, or community health science. With the agreement of the department that administers the courses, the 8 credits may contribute to a minor from that department, but a minor is not required for the program.

The comprehensive examination is given by the student's guidance committee toward the end of Phase II when the student has completed most of the required courses. The examination consists of two parts:  an oral examination and the presentation of a dissertation proposal. The oral examination is designed to evaluate the student's depth of knowledge in his or her chosen area of veterinary science and includes, but is not limited to, material from the required courses. The student must pass the oral examination before he or she may present the dissertation proposal. The proposal must be presented no earlier than 15 days, and no later than 45 days, after the student has passed the oral examination.

Phase III consists of conducting animal disease research, completing the dissertation, and defending the dissertation.

Academic Standards

A candidate may not receive more than three grades below 3.0 in courses required for the degree.

Walter Esselman, Chairperson

GRADUATE STUDY

The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics is administered jointly by the colleges of Veterinary Medicine,  Human Medicine, Natural Science, and Osteopathic Medicine.  All four of these colleges offer a Master of Science degree in microbiology and molecular genetics  and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in microbiology and molecular genetics. In addition, the College of Veterinary Medicine offers a Doctor of Philosophy degree program with a major in microbiology—environmental toxicology. For additional information about the department and its graduate degree programs, refer to the statement on the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics in the College of Natural Science section of this catalog.

Students who are enrolled in Master of Science degree programs in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics may elect a specialization in food safety.  For additional information, refer to the statement on the specialization in the College of Veterinary Medicine section of this catalog.

Joseph R. Haywood II, Chairperson

The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology is administered jointly by the colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Human Medicine, and Osteopathic Medicine. The College of Veterinary Medicine is the primary administrative unit.  All three of these colleges offer Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs with majors in Pharmacology and Toxicology. A Master of Science degree with a major in Integrative Pharmacology is also available. In addition, the College of Veterinary Medicine offers a Doctor of Philosophy degree program with a major in pharmacology and toxicology—environmental toxicology. For additional information about the department and its graduate degree programs, refer to the statement on the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the College of Osteopathic Medicine section of this catalog.

Students who are enrolled in Master of Science degree programs in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology may elect a specialization in food safety.  For additional information, refer to the statement on the specialization.

William S. Spielman, Chairperson

The Department of Physiology is administered jointly by the colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Human Medicine, Natural Science, and Osteopathic Medicine.  All four of these colleges offer Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degree programs with majors in physiology.  For additional information about the department and its graduate degree programs, refer to the statement on the Department of Physiology in the College of Natural Science section of this catalog.

Charles DeCamp, Chairperson

The Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences offers courses designed to meet the needs of the professional program in veterinary medicine, the post–D.V.M. clinical training programs that provide the basis for specialty board certification, and the graduate program leading to the Master of Science degree.

The department offers advanced studies leading to the Master of Science degree. The program is designed primarily for graduate veterinarians in the residency training program in the department.

Emphasis in the program is placed on clinically oriented research which is well supported by the facilities available and the clinical case volume. Graduates of this program will find opportunities in all areas of practice, teaching, and research.

In addition to meeting the requirements of the university and of the College of Veterinary Medicine, students must meet the requirements specified below.

Admission

The candidate must possess a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree or its equivalent and have the potential qualifications for graduate study. Licensure to practice veterinary medicine in the State of Michigan is usually required.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Small Animal Clinical Sciences

The student must complete 30 credits under Plan A (with thesis).

Supporting courses may be taken in such areas as anatomy, pathology, physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology, nutrition, parasitology, statistics, virology, chemistry, and animal genetics.

Academic Standards

Three grades below a 3.0 in graduate courses will remove a student from degree candidacy.

Transfer Credits

As many as 9 semester credits of graduate work (excluding research and thesis credits) may be transferred from other institutions, upon approval of the department chairperson, the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, and the student's guidance committee.

These programs are supported by the clinical service activities of a highly specialized faculty utilizing the facilities and support staff of The Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

The department offers thirteen–month rotating internships designed to provide general clinical training for the post—D.V.M. student as well as to provide a basis for further specialty training. Selection of trainees is normally made through the National Internship–Residency Matching Program.

Residencies designed to meet the training requirements for specialty board certification are currently offered in dermatology, internal medicine, and surgery. The dermatology residency is two years in length and the others are three years in length with yearly evaluation of progress and continuance based on trainee performance. Concurrent work toward the Master of Science degree is encouraged. Selection of trainees is normally accomplished through the National Internship Residency Matching Program.

Norbert E. Kaminski, Director

The Center for Integrative Toxicology was established to facilitate and coordinate the varied programs in departments and colleges across the Michigan State University campus related to toxic substances which include multidisciplinary research, education, and training in toxicology.  These programs address almost all aspects of environmental toxicology with particular focus on adverse effects of chemical contaminants on living organisms.  Research spans a broad range from studies of biochemical and molecular mechanisms of toxicity to studies on the distribution and fate of chemicals in various environmental media.

The Center for Integrative Toxicology administers the doctoral Program in Environmental and Integrative Toxicological Sciences providing students with excellent training in a basic science discipline and training and credentials in environmental and integrative toxicology sciences.  Students who complete this multidisciplinary course of study earn the Ph.D. degree in a basic science discipline with a dual major in environmental toxicology.  In this way and through its colleges, Michigan State University makes study in the area of environmental toxicology available to graduate students.

Carole Ann Bolin, Director

The Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health was established to provide a complete animal disease diagnostic service for Michigan veterinarians and animal owners. The primary objective of the service is efficient food production and a safer food supply and environment.

Expertise is provided in the areas of endocrinology, bacteriology, mycology, nutrition, pathology, toxicology, and virology.

Faculty are jointly appointed with academic departments and participate in teaching and research programs.

The laboratory is accredited by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians.

The National Food Safety and Toxicology Center (NFSTC) is a nondegree-granting center with staff, faculty and students from sixteen departments and seven colleges and from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) and Michigan State University Extension (MSUE). The center is administered from the Food Safety and Toxicology Building that has laboratory and other experimental facilities for researchers with expertise in toxicology, carcinogenesis, pathology, biochemistry, microbiology, epidemiology and the social sciences. The center also supports food safety targeted outreach and education programs, seminars and workshops.

At the heart of the center lies its mission: to conduct research that will increase understanding of chemical and microbial hazards in foods and to use this knowledge to develop a safer food supply, well-founded public policy, and a greater public understanding of food safety issues.

The center provides a focal point for experts throughout the university to use a multi–college, multidisciplinary approach to investigate food safety issues and generate new knowledge.  It has established national and international links to address the global reduction of foodborne disease.

Patrick LeBlanc, Director

The Veterinary Teaching Hospital provides the environment for the clinical instruction of veterinary technology and veterinary medicine students, as well as interns and residents. The hospital provides facilities for the research activities of graduate students, postdoctoral students, residents, and faculty. It offers primary and specialty services in nineteen areas: anesthesiology, cardiology, dentistry, diagnostic imaging, emergency and critical care, general medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, nutrition, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, pharmacy service, theriogenology, zoo and wildlife medicine, equine surgery, equine medicine, food animal medicine/ surgery and production animal medicine. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital delivers care to over 27,000  patients annually and is accredited by the American Animal Hospital Association.